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• • • Gautama Buddha (c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama (सिद्धार्थ गौतम) in or Siddhattha Gotama (शिद्धत्थ गोतम) in, Shakyamuni (i.e. 'Sage of the ') Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of, was a (),,, and on whose teachings was founded. He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the northeastern part of sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries.

Gautama taught a between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism found in the movement common in his region. He later taught throughout other regions of eastern India such as. Gautama is the primary figure in Buddhism. He is believed by Buddhists to be an teacher who attained full and shared his insights to help end rebirth. Accounts of his life, discourses and rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarised after his death and memorized by his followers.

Various collections of teachings attributed to him were passed down by and about 400 years later. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Historical Siddhārtha Gautama Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most people accept that the Buddha lived, taught, and founded a monastic order during the era during the reign of ( c. 491 BCE, or c.

400 BCE), the ruler of the empire, and died during the early years of the reign of, who was the successor of Bimbisara, thus making him a younger contemporary of, the Jain. While the general sequence of 'birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death' is widely accepted, there is less consensus on the veracity of many details contained in traditional biographies. The times of Gautama's birth and death are uncertain. Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as c.

563 BCE to 483 BCE. More recently his death is dated later, between 411 and 400 BCE, while at a symposium on this question held in 1988, the majority of those who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death.

These alternative chronologies, however, have not been accepted by all historians. Finansovoe planirovanie test. Historical context.

The words ' (𑀩𑀼𑀥, the ) and '- ' (, 'Sage of the ') in, on 's (circa 250 BCE). No written records about Gautama were found from his lifetime or from the one or two centuries thereafter.

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In the middle of the 3rd century BCE, several (reigned c. 269–232 BCE) mention the Buddha, and particularly 's commemorates the Emperor's pilgrimage to as the Buddha's birthplace. Another one of his edicts () mentions the titles of several texts, establishing the existence of a written Buddhist tradition at least by the time of the. These texts may be the precursor of the. The first known anthropomorphic representation of the Buddha, here surrounded by (left) and (right)., mid-1st century CE,.

Biographical sources The sources for the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are a variety of different, and sometimes conflicting, traditional biographies. These include the,,, and the Nidānakathā. Of these, the Buddhacarita is the earliest full biography, an epic poem written by the poet in the first century CE. The Lalitavistara Sūtra is the next oldest biography, a / biography dating to the 3rd century CE.

The Mahāvastu from the tradition is another major biography, composed incrementally until perhaps the 4th century CE. The biography of the Buddha is the most exhaustive, and is entitled the Abhiniṣkramaṇa Sūtra, and various Chinese translations of this date between the 3rd and 6th century CE. The Nidānakathā is from the tradition in Sri Lanka and was composed in the 5th century. From canonical sources come the, the Mahapadana Sutta (DN 14), and the Achariyabhuta Sutta (MN 123), which include selective accounts that may be older, but are not full biographies. The Jātakas retell previous lives of Gautama as a, and the first collection of these can be dated among the earliest Buddhist texts. The Mahāpadāna Sutta and Achariyabhuta Sutta both recount miraculous events surrounding Gautama's birth, such as the bodhisattva's descent from the into his mother's womb.

Nature of traditional depictions. Prince Siddhartha shaves his hair and becomes an., 8th century At the age of 29, Siddhartha left his palace to meet his subjects. Despite his father's efforts to hide from him the sick, aged and suffering, Siddhartha was said to have seen an old man.

When his charioteer explained to him that all people grew old, the prince went on further trips beyond the palace. On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying, and an. These depressed him, and he initially strove to overcome ageing, sickness, and death by living the life of an ascetic. Accompanied by Channa and riding his horse, Gautama quit his palace for the life of a.